Surgical sponges (or laparotomy sponges) are highly absorbent, medical-grade cotton pads used in operating theaters to control bleeding, absorb bodily fluids, and protect delicate tissues

A dressing is a piece of material such as a pad applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm

Bandages are medical devices used to hold dressings in place, provide support for joints or muscles, protect wounds from infection, or apply localized compression

Medical-grade cotton (surgical cotton) is a highly purified, bleached, and absorbent natural fiber used in healthcare for wound dressing, cleaning, and fluid absorption

Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose, open weave, primarily used in medical and first-aid settings to cover, clean, and dress wounds