Ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are mechanical circulatory support systems used in patients with advanced heart failure to improve cardiac output as a bridge to transplantation, destination therapy, or bridge to recovery

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of extracorporeal life support, operated by a perfusionist providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to people whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of oxygen, gas exchange or blood supply to sustain life